Nzira yekugadzira bhodhoro regirazi

Girazi rine yakanaka kutapurirana uye chiedza kutapurirana kuita, yakakwira makemikari kugadzikana, uye inogona kuwana yakasimba mechanicha simba uye kupisa kupisa mhedzisiro zvichienderana neakasiyana nzira dzekugadzirisa.Inogona kutoita kuti girazi rishandure ruvara rakazvimiririra uye riparadzanise chiedza chakanyanyisa, saka chinowanzoshandiswa mumararamiro ose ehupenyu kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana.Chinyorwa ichi chinonyanya kutaura nezvekugadzira mabhodhoro egirazi.

Zvechokwadi, pane zvikonzero zvekusarudza girazi kugadzira mabhodhoro ezvinwiwa, izvo zvakare zvakanakira mabhodhoro egirazi.Iyo huru yakasvibirira mabhodhoro egirazi ndeye ores chaiwo, quartzite, caustic soda, limestone, etc. Mabhodhoro egirazi ane high transparency uye corrosion resistance, uye haizoshandure zvinhu zvemukati kana uchisangana nemakemikari mazhinji.Maitiro ayo ekugadzira ari nyore, kuenzanisira kwakasununguka uye kuchinjika, kuomarara kwakakura, kusapisa kupisa, kuchena, nyore kuchenesa, uye inogona kushandiswa kakawanda.Sezvinhu zvekurongedza, mabhodhoro egirazi anonyanya kushandiswa chikafu, mafuta, doro, zvinwiwa, condiments, cosmetics uye liquid makemikari zvigadzirwa uye zvichingodaro.

Iro bhodhoro regirazi rakagadzirwa nemhando dzinopfuura gumi dzemhando huru, senge quartz poda, limestone, soda ash, dolomite, feldspar, boric acid, barium sulfate, mirabilite, zinc oxide, potassium carbonate uye girazi rakaputsika.Igaba rakagadzirwa nekunyunguduka nekuumbwa pa1600 ℃.Inogona kuburitsa mabhodhoro egirazi emhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana.Nekuti inoumbwa pakupisa kwakanyanya, haina chepfu uye haina kunaka.Ndiyo huru yekurongedza mudziyo wekudya, mishonga uye maindasitiri emakemikari.Tevere, kushandiswa chaiko kwechinyorwa chimwe nechimwe kuchasumwa.

Quartz poda: Iyo yakaoma, isingapfeki uye inogadzikana mumakemikari mineral.Iyo huru yemaminerari chikamu ndeye quartz, uye chikamu chayo chikuru chemakemikari iSiO2.Rudzi rwejecha requartz rakachena mukaka, kana risina ruvara uye rinopenya.Kuoma kwayo i 7. Ino brittle uye haina cleavage.Iine goko rakadambuka.Iine girisi kupenya.Density yayo ndeye 2.65.Yayo yakawanda density (20-200 mesh ndeye 1.5).Kemikari yaro, inopisa uye yemagetsi zvinhu zvine anisotropy iri pachena, uye hainyunguriki muasidhi, Inonyungudika muNaOH uye KOH aqueous solution pamusoro pe160 ℃, ine nzvimbo yekunyungudika ye1650 ℃.Jecha requartz ndicho chigadzirwa chine saizi yezviyo kazhinji pane 120 mesh sieve mushure mekunge dombo requartz rakacherwa kubva kumugodhi ragadziriswa.Chigadzirwa chinopfuudza 120 mesh sieve inonzi quartz powder.Main applications: mafirita zvinhu, yepamusoro-giredhi girazi, zvigadzirwa zvegirazi, refractories, matombo ekunyungudutsa, kukanda chaiko, kuputika kwejecha, mavhiri ekukuya zvinhu.

Limestone: calcium carbonate ndiyo chikamu chikuru che limestone, uye limestone ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzirwa kwegirazi.Lime uye limestone zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvivakwa zvekuvaka uye zvakare zvakakosha zviwanikwa zvemaindasitiri mazhinji.Calcium carbonate inogona kugadziriswa zvakananga kuita dombo uye kupiswa kuita quicklime.

Soda ash: imwe yeakakosha kemikari mbishi zvinhu, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemwenje, indasitiri yemakemikari yemazuva ese, zvekuvakisa, indasitiri yemakemikari, indasitiri yezvekudya, simbi, machira, peturu, kudzivirira kwenyika, mishonga nemimwe minda, pamwe chete ne minda yemifananidzo uye kuongorora.Mumunda wezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka, indasitiri yegirazi ndiyo mutengi mukuru wesoda ash, ine 0.2 matani esoda ash inopedzwa patani yegirazi.

Boric asidhi: chena poda crystal kana triclinic axial scale crystal, ine kunzwa kwakatsetseka uye isina hwema.Soluble mumvura, doro, glycerin, ether uye essence mafuta, iyo aqueous mhinduro haina simba acidic.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mugirazi (girazi remaziso, girazi rinodzivirira asidhi, girazi rinodzivirira kupisa, uye girazi faibha yezvinhu zvinodzivirira) indasitiri, inogona kuvandudza kupisa kwekupisa uye kubuda pachena kwezvigadzirwa zvegirazi, kuvandudza simba remuchina, uye kupfupisa nguva yekunyunguduka. .Munyu weGlauber unonyanya kuumbwa nesodium sulfate Na2SO4, inova chinhu mbishi chekuzivisa Na2O.Inonyanya kushandiswa kubvisa SiO2 scum uye inoita seanojekesa.

Vamwe vagadziri vanowedzerawo cullet kumusanganiswa uyu.Vamwe vanogadzira vanozodzokororazve girazi mukugadzira.Ingave iri marara mukugadzira kana marara munzvimbo yekudzokorodza, 1300 mapaundi ejecha, 410 pounds soda ash uye 380. makirogiramu e limestone anogona kuchengetwa kune yega yega tani yegirazi rinoshandiswazve.Izvi zvichachengetedza mari yekugadzira, kuchengetedza mari uye simba, kuitira kuti vatengi vawane mitengo yehupfumi pane zvigadzirwa zvedu.

Mushure mekunge zvigadzirwa zvagadzirira, maitiro ekugadzira achatanga.Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekunyungudutsa iyo yakasvibirira yegirazi bhodhoro muchoto,Raw materials uye cullet zvinoramba zvichinyungudutswa pakupisa kwakanyanya.Panenge pa1650 ° C, choto chinoshanda maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, uye musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakasvibiswa unoumba girazi rakanyungudutswa maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva.Girazi yakanyungudutswa ichipfuura.Zvino, pamagumo emugero wezvinhu, girazi rinoyerera rinochekwa kuita mabhuroko maererano nehuremu, uye tembiricha inogadzwa zvakarurama.

Panewo mamwe matanho ekuzvidzivirira paunenge uchishandisa choto.Chishandiso chekuyera kukora kwechitubu chemvura yakanyungudutswa chedziva yakanyungudutswa chinofanira kuvharirwa.Kana zvinhu zvabuda, cheka magetsi nekukasika.Girazi rakanyungudutswa risati rayerera. kunze kwemugero wekudyisa, mudziyo wepasi unodzivirira voltage yegirazi rakanyungudutswa pasi kuti girazi rakanyungudutswa risachajike.Nzira yakajairika ndeyekuisa molybdenum electrode mugirazi rakanyungudutswa uye kukuya molybdenum electrode kudzivirira voltage mugirazi rakanyungudutswa regedhi.Ziva kuti kureba kwe molybdenum electrode yakaiswa mugirazi yakanyungudutswa yakakura kudarika 1/2 yehupamhi hwemhanyi.Muchiitiko chekutadza kwesimba uye kufambiswa kwemagetsi, anoshanda pamberi pechoto anofanira kuziviswa pachine nguva kuti atarise midziyo yemagetsi. (zvakadai se electrode system) uye mamiriro akapoteredza emidziyo kamwe chete.Kufambiswa kwemagetsi kunogona kuitwa chete kana pasina dambudziko. Kana pakaitika njodzi kana tsaona iyo inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwemunhu kana kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo munzvimbo inonyunguduka, mushandisi anofanira kukurumidza kudzvanya "emergency stop button" kuti adzime magetsi. kupihwa kwechoto chemagetsi chese.Zvishandiso zvekuyera hupamhi hwehuni yehuni pakudya kwekudya kunofanirwa kupihwa zviyero zvekupisa zvekupisa.Pakutanga kwechoto chemagetsi chemoto wegirazi, mushandisi wechoto chemagetsi achatarisa electrode. yakanyoroveswa mvura system kamwe paawa uye nekukurumidza kubata nemvura yakagurwa yemagetsi ega ega. Pakaitika tsaona yekudonha kwezvinhu muchoto chemagetsi chevira regirazi, magetsi achagurwa nekukurumidza, uye kubuda kwezvinhu kuchapfapfaidzwa nepamusoro. -kumanikidza mvura pombi pakarepo kusimbisa girazi remvura.Panguva imwecheteyo, mutungamiri ari pabasa achaudzwa pakarepo.Kana simba rekukundikana kwevira regirazi rinopfuura maminitsi mashanu, dziva rakanyungudutswa rinofanira kushanda maererano nemitemo yekukundikana kwesimba.Apo mvura inotonhorera uye mhepo inotonhorera inopa alarm. , mumwe munhu anofanira kutumwa kuti aongorore alarm nekukasira uye ogadzirisa nayo nenguva.

Nhanho yechipiri ndeyekugadzira bhodhoro regirazi.Kugadzira mabhodhoro egirazi uye zvirongo zvinoreva mutsara wekuita musanganiswa (kusanganisira mechanical, electronic, etc.) izvo zvinodzokororwa mune yakapihwa programming sequence, nechinangwa chekugadzira bhodhoro. uye chirongo chine chimiro chaicho sezvaitarisirwa.Parizvino, pane maitiro maviri makuru mukugadzirwa kwemabhodhoro egirazi nezvirongo: nzira yekufuridza yemuromo wakamanikana webhodhoro uye nzira yekufuridzira nzira yemabhodhoro mahombe ane caliber nemajagi. shear blade pakupisa kwayo kwezvinhu (1050-1200 ℃) kugadzira madonhwe egirazi recylindrical, Inonzi "kudonha kwezvinhu".Huremu hwekudonha kwezvinhu hwakakwana kugadzira bhodhoro.Maitiro ese ari maviri anotanga kubva pakuveurwa kwegirazi remvura, iyo inodonha pasi pekuita kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, uye inopinda mukutanga mold kuburikidza nemudziyo wemidziyo uye yekutenderedza.Ipapo iyo yekutanga mold yakavharwa zvakasimba uye yakavharwa ne "bulkhead" kumusoro.Mukuvhuvhuta kwemhepo, girazi rinotanga kusundirwa pasi nemhepo yakamanikidzwa inopfuura nepakati pe bulkhead, kuitira kuti girazi pakufa riumbwe;Ipapo musimboti unofamba uchidzika zvishoma, uye mweya wakamanikidzwa uchipfuura nepaburi panzvimbo yepakati inowedzera girazi rakawedzerwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro kuzadza mold yekutanga.Kuburikidza nekuvhuvhuta kwakadaro kwegirazi, girazi rinoita buri rakagara rakagadzirwa chimiro, uye mune inotevera maitiro, inozofuridzirwa zvakare nemhepo yakamanikidzwa muchikamu chechipiri kuti iwane chimiro chekupedzisira.

Kugadzirwa kwemabhodhoro egirazi nemajagi kunoitwa mumatanho maviri makuru: muchikamu chekutanga, zvese zvemukati mold inoumbwa, uye muromo wakapedzwa unosanganisira kuvhura kwemukati, asi chimiro chikuru chemuviri wechigadzirwa chegirazi chichava. idiki kwazvo pane saizi yayo yekupedzisira.Iyi semi yakagadzirwa girazi zvigadzirwa zvinonzi parison.Munguva inotevera, ivo vachafuridzirwa muchimiro chekupedzisira chebhodhoro.Kubva pakona ye mechanical action, iyo inofa uye yepakati inoumba nzvimbo yakavharwa pazasi.Mushure mekufa kwazadzwa negirazi (mushure mekuputika), iyo core inodzoserwa zvishoma kuti ipfave girazi rinosangana nepakati.Ipapo mweya wakamanikidzwa (reverse blowing) kubva pasi kuenda kumusoro unopfuura nepaburi pasi pepakati kuti uite parison.Ipapo iyo bulkhead inosimuka, iyo yekutanga mold inovhurwa, uye ruoko rwunotendeuka, pamwe chete nekufa uye parison, runotendeukira kudivi rekuumba. Kana ruoko rwunotendeuka runosvika kumusoro kwechiumbwa, mold pamativi ese maviri ichavharwa uye yakasungirirwa kuputira jeri.Iyo inofa ichavhura zvishoma kuti isunungure jeri;Ipapo ruoko runotendeuka ruchadzokera kudivi rekutanga mold uye kumirira kutenderera kunotevera kwechiito.Musoro unovhuvhuta unodonhera kumusoro kwechiumbwa, mweya wakatsikirirwa unodururirwa mupuriso kubva pakati, uye girazi rakasimudzwa rinowedzera kusvika pakuumbwa kuti riite chimiro chekupedzisira chebhodhoro. inoumbwa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa, asi neextruding girazi munzvimbo yakavharirwa yeprimary mold cavity ine refu core.Kupidigura kunotevera uye kuumbwa kwekupedzisira kunopindirana nenzira yekufuridza.Mushure meizvozvo, bhodhoro racho rinosungirirwa kunze kwekuumba mold uye roiswa pabhodhoro rekumisa ndiro ine pasi-kumusoro inotonhorera mweya, ichimirira kuti bhodhoro ridhonzwe uye kutakurwa kuenda kune annealing process.

Nhanho yekupedzisira ndeyekuputira mugirazi rekugadzira bhodhoro.Zvisinei nezve maitiro, pamusoro pemagirazi egirazi midziyo inowanzoputirwa mushure mekuumbwa.

Kana zvichiri kupisa zvakanyanya, kuitira kugadzira mabhodhoro nemagaba kuti arambe achikwenya, izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti hot end surface treatment, uyezve mabhodhoro egirazi anoendeswa kuchoto chemoto, uko tembiricha yavo inodzokera kusvika 815 ° C, uyezve. inodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pasi pe480 ° C. Izvi zvinotora maawa maviri.Uku kudziya uye kutonhora kunononoka kunobvisa kudzvanywa mumudziyo.Ichawedzera kusimba kwezvigadziro zvegirazi zvakagadzirwa.Zvikasadaro, girazi iri nyore kuputika.

Panewo zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoda kutariswa panguva yekuvharisa. Musiyano wetembiricha wechoto chekupfuta hauna kuenzana.Tembiricha yechikamu chechoto chekumisikidza yezvigadzirwa zvegirazi kazhinji yakadzikira padyo nemativi maviri uye yakakwira pakati, izvo zvinoita kuti tembiricha yezvigadzirwa ive isina kuenzana, kunyanya mukamuri yemhando yevira.Nechikonzero ichi, kana uchigadzira curve, fekitori yebhodhoro regirazi inofanira kutora kukosha kwakaderera pane chaiyo inotenderwa kushushikana kwekusingaperi kweyero inononoka kutonhora, uye kazhinji inotora hafu yekunetseka kunobvumidzwa kwekuverenga.Iko inobvumirwa kushushikana kukosha kwezvakajairwa zvigadzirwa inogona kuva 5 kusvika 10 nm/cm.Izvo zvinhu zvinokanganisa kusiyana kwekushisa kwechoto chinopisa zvinofanirwawo kutariswa pakusarudza kumhanya kwekupisa uye kukurumidza kutonhora kumhanya.Muchiito chaicho chekuvhara, kugoverwa kwekushisa muchoto chekuputira kunofanira kuongororwa nguva nenguva.Kana kusiyana kukuru kwekushisa kunowanikwa, kunofanira kugadziriswa nenguva.Mukuwedzera, kune zvigadzirwa zvegirazi, zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanzogadzirwa panguva imwe chete.Pakuisa zvigadzirwa muchoto chekuvharisa, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemadziro zvakakora zvinoiswa patembiricha yakakwira muchoto chinopfuta, ukuwo zvigadzirwa zvitete zvemadziro zvinogona kuiswa pakudziya kwakadzika, izvo zvinobatsira kunyura kwezvigadzirwa zvemadziro. zvigadzirwa Zvikamu zvemukati nekunze zvezvigadzirwa zvakakora zvemadziro zvakagadzikana.Mukati meiyo yekudzoka, iyo inokwirisa tembiricha yekudzivirira yezvigadzirwa zvakakora zvemadziro, kukurumidza kuzorora kweiyo thermoelastic kusagadzikana kana kutonhora, uye kunowedzera kusagadzikana kusingaperi kwezvigadzirwa.Kushushikana kwezvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akaoma zviri nyore kuisa pfungwa [zvakadai semazasi akakora, makona ekurudyi uye zvigadzirwa zvine mibato], saka sezvigadzirwa zvakakora zvemadziro, tembiricha yekudzivirira inofanira kunge yakadzikira, uye kupisa nekutonhora kunofanira kunonoka.Annealing Dambudziko remhando dzakasiyana dzegirazi Kana zvigadzirwa zvemabhodhoro egirazi zvine akasiyana makemikari zvinoumbwa zvakanyungudutswa muchoto chemoto chimwechete, girazi rine tembiricha yakaderera yekupisa inofanirwa kusarudzwa seye tembiricha yekuchengetedza kupisa, uye nzira yekurebesa nguva yekuchengetedza kupisa inofanira kugamuchirwa. , kuitira kuti zvigadzirwa zvine akasiyana annealing tembiricha zvinogona kuvharirwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.Zvezvigadzirwa zvine chimiro chakafanana chemakemikari, makobvu uye maumbirwo akasiyana, kana zvakanyungudutswa muchoto chenyuchi chimwechete, tembiricha yekudziya inotemerwa zvinoenderana nezvigadzirwa zvine madziro madiki madziro kudzivirira deformation yezvigadzirwa zvakatetepa-madziro panguva yekunyunguduka, asi kupisa uye kupisa. kumhanya kutonhora kuchatemwa maererano nezvigadzirwa zvine mudhuri wakakura kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvemadziro zvakakora hazvizotsemuka nekuda kwekushushikana kwekupisa.Kudzoreredzwa kwegirazi reborosilicate Kune zvigadzirwa zvePengsilicate glassware, girazi rinowanzoita kupatsanurwa kwechikamu mukati meiyo annealing tembiricha.Mushure mekupatsanurwa kwechikamu, chimiro chegirazi chinoshanduka uye kuita kwayo kunoshanduka, senge tembiricha yemakemikari pfuma inoderera.Kuti udzivise chiitiko ichi, tembiricha yekudziya yezvigadzirwa zvegirazi yeborosilicate inofanira kunyatsodzorwa.Kunyanya kune girazi rine boron yakakwira, tembiricha yekumisa haifanirwe kunge yakanyanya kukwirira uye nguva yekumisikidza haifanirwe kureba.Panguva imwecheteyo, kudzokororwa annealing kunofanira kudziviswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.Iyo chikamu chekuparadzanisa dhigirii yekudzokororwa annealing yakanyanya kukomba.

Pane imwe danho rekugadzira mabhodhoro egirazi.Unhu hwemabhodhoro egirazi hunofanira kuongororwa maererano nematanho anotevera.Unhu hunodiwa: mabhodhoro egirazi uye mabhodhoro achava nehumwe maitiro uye anosangana nemamwe maitiro ehutano.

Girazi mhando: yakachena uye kunyange, isina jecha, mitsetse, mabhuru uye humwe hurema.Girazi risina ruvara rine kujeka kwepamusoro;Rudzi rwegirazi rine ruvara rwakafanana uye rwakagadzikana, uye rinogona kutora simba rechiedza reimwe wavelength.

Zvenyama uye zvemakemikari zvimiro: Iine kumwe kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye haiite nezviri mukati.Iyo ine imwe seismic kuramba uye simba remagetsi, inogona kumira kupisa uye kutonhora maitiro sekugeza uye sterilization, uye inogona kutsungirira kuzadza, kuchengetedza uye kutakura, uye inogona kuramba yakasimba kana kune yakajairika mukati nekunze kushushikana, vibration uye kukanganisa.

Kuumbwa kwemhando: chengetedza humwe huremu, huremu uye chimiro, kunyangwe ukobvu hwemadziro, wakatsetseka uye wakatsetseka muromo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuzadza uye chisimbiso chakanaka.Hapana kukanganisa kwakadai sekukanganisa, kushata kwepamusoro, kusaenzana uye kutsemuka.

Kana ukasangana nezvinodiwa pamusoro apa, makorokoto.Iwe wakabudirira kugadzira bhodhoro regirazi rakakodzera.Isa mukutengesa kwako.