Kuvandudzwa kweRed Wine Mabhodhoro

Mabhodhoro emazambiringa ane maumbirwo akasiyana uye mavara haasi chete ane waini inonaka, asiwo anoratidza ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pewaini kwatiri kubva kune rumwe rutivi.Chinyorwa ichi chichatanga kubva pamavambo ewaini tsvuku uye kugovera kukurudzirwa kwebhodhoro rose rewaini tsvuku.

Tisati takurukura nezvekuvandudzwa kwemabhodhoro ewaini tsvuku, ngatikurukurei muchidimbu nhoroondo yebudiriro yezviuru zvipfumbamwe zvemakore ewaini tsvuku.Waini yakawanikwa muIran munenge muna 5400 BC yaionekwa seimwe yewaini yekutanga kubikwa munyika, asi kuwanikwa. yewaini mumatongo eJiahu muHenan akanyorazve ichi chinyorwa.Zvinoenderana nezvakawanikwa parizvino, nhoroondo yekubikwa kwedoro reChina yakapfuura makore 1000 kupfuura iyo yenyika dzekunze.Kureva kuti, Jiahu Saiti, saiti yakakosha mukutanga Neolithic Age muChina, iri zvakare yekutanga winemaking workshop munyika.Pashure pokuongorora makemikari etsvina yaiva pamadziro omukati ehari yakafukunurwa panzvimbo yeJiahu, zvakaonekwa kuti vanhu panguva iyoyo vaiita waini yakaviriswa mupunga, uchi newaini, uye vaizozvichengetawo muhari dzehari. Georgia, Armenia, Iran nedzimwe nyika, batch yemidziyo mikuru yekubika doro kubva ku4000 BC yakawanikwa.Panguva iyoyo vanhu vaishandisa midziyo yakavigwa iyi kugadzira waini;Nanhasi, Georgia ichiri kushandisa midziyo munyika kubika waini, iyo inowanzonzi KVEVRI.Papepa rekare rechiGiriki Pilos kubva 1500 kusvika 1200 BC, ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pemizambiringa yemizambiringa newaini inowanzonyorwa mumutsara mavara ekirasi B. (chiGiriki chekare).

121 BC inodaidzwa kuti gore reOpimian, iro rinoreva gore rewaini rakanakisa muzera regoridhe reRoma yekare.Zvinonzi waini iyi ichiri kunwiwa pashure pemakore 100. Muna 77, Pliny Mukuru, munyori weencyclopedic muRoma yekare, akanyora mashoko akakurumbira anoti "Vino Veritas" uye "Muwaini Mune Chokwadi" mubhuku rake "Natural History." ".

Mukati mezana ramakore rechi 15-16, waini yaiwanzoiswa mubhodhoro muhari dze porcelain yozoviriswa zvakare kuti ibudise mabhuru;Iyi Cremant style ndiyo prototype yeFrench inopenya waini uye Chirungu cider. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 16, kuitira kudzivirira waini kubva pakuipa panguva yekufambisa daro refu, vanhu kazhinji vakawedzera hupenyu hwayo nekuwedzera doro (nzira yekusimbisa).Kubva ipapo, mazambiringa ane mukurumbira akakomberedzwa akadai sePort, Sherry, Madeira neMarsala akagadzirwa nenzira iyi. Muzana ramakore rechi 17, kuitira kuchengetedza zvirinani Porter, maPutukezi akava nyika yekutanga kupambira waini yemubhodhoro yegirazi, yakafemerwa nevaviri ava. nzeve yewaini chirongo chakanyorwa munhoroondo zvinyorwa.Nehurombo, bhodhoro regirazi panguva iyoyo raigona kungoiswa vertically, saka chivharo chehuni chaitsemuka nyore nyore nekuda kwekuoma, uye nekudaro chakarasika chisimbiso chayo.

MuBordeaux, 1949 raive gore rakanaka kwazvo, iro rainziwo Vintage of the Century.Muna 1964, yekutanga Bag-in-a-Box Wines yakazvarwa.Chiratidziro chekutanga chewaini munyika chakaitwa muna 1967 muVerona. , Itari.Mugore rimwe chetero, mukohwi wemuchina wekutanga pasi rose akatengeswa zviri pamutemo muNew York.Muna 1978, Robert Parker, mutsoropodzi wewaini ane chiremera pasi rose, akavamba zviri pamutemo magazini yeThe Wine Advocate, uye zana rake remamark system ravewo chirevo chakakosha. kuti vatengi vatenge waini.Kubva ipapo, 1982 yanga iri shanduko yekubudirira kwaParker.

Muna 2000, France yakava mugadziri mukuru wewaini pasi rose, ichiteverwa neItaly.Muna 2010, Cabernet Sauvignon yakava mhando yemazambiringa akarimwa zvakanyanya pasi rose.Muna 2013, China yakava mutengi mukuru wepasi rose wewaini tsvuku yakaoma.

Mushure mokuunza kugadzirwa kwewaini tsvuku, ngatitaurei pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemabhodhoro ewaini tsvuku.Iyo yakatangira bhodhoro regirazi ndiro hari yehari kana mudziyo wematombo.Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti vanhu vekare vaidurura sei magirazi ewaini nehari dzevhu dzakaoma.

Kutaura zvazviri, magirazi akawanikwa uye akashandiswa kare munguva dzeRoma, asi magirazi panguva iyoyo akanga akanyanya kukosha uye asingawanzoitiki, izvo zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kugadzira uye kusasimba.Panguva iyoyo, vanokudzwa vainyatsoona zvakaoma kuwana girazi segiredhi repamusoro, uye dzimwe nguva vaitoriputira negoridhe.Zvinoitika kuti izvo zvinotambwa neWest haisi goridhe rakashongedzwa nejade, asi goridhe rakashongedzwa ne "girazi"!Kana tikashandisa midziyo yegirazi kuve newaini, zvinoshamisa semabhodhoro akagadzirwa nedhaimani.

Waini yakawanikwa muIran makore angangoita 5400 BC yaionekwa seimwe yewaini yekutanga kubikwa pasi rose, asi kuwanikwa kwewaini mumatongo eJiahu muHenan kwakanyora zvakare rekodhi iyi.Zvinoenderana nezvakawanikwa parizvino, nhoroondo yekubikwa kwedoro reChina yakapfuura makore 1000 kupfuura iyo yenyika dzekunze.Kureva kuti, Jiahu Saiti, saiti yakakosha mukutanga Neolithic Age muChina, iri zvakare yekutanga winemaking workshop munyika.Pashure pokuongorora makemikari etsvina yaiva pamadziro omukati ehari yakafukunurwa panzvimbo yeJiahu, zvakaonekwa kuti vanhu panguva iyoyo vaiita waini yakaviriswa mupunga, uchi newaini, uye vaizozvichengetawo muhari dzehari. muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe, apo marasha akawanikwa.Kupisa kwemarasha kwakakwira kupfuura kwehuswa hwemupunga uye huswa, uye tembiricha yemurazvo inogona kusvika nyore kupfuura 1000 ℃, saka mutengo wekugadzira girazi unodzikira nekudzikira.Asi mabhodhoro egirazi achiri zvinhu zvisingawanikwe zvinogona kungoonekwa nevepamusoro kirasi pakutanga.(Ndinoda chaizvo kutakura mabhodhoro ewaini akawanda kusvika muzana remakore rechi17 kuti ndichichinjane nemamwe mapundu egoridhe!) Panguva iyoyo, waini yaitengeswa yakawanda.Vanhu vane mamiriro ehupfumi akanaka vanogona kunge vaine bhodhoro regirazi remadzitateguru.Pese pavaida kunwa, vaitora bhodhoro riya ndokuenda kumugwagwa kunotora masendi 20 ewaini!

Iwo ekutanga mabhodhoro egirazi akaumbwa nekuvhuvhuta kwemanyorero, saka bhodhoro richava nekusagadzikana kukuru muchimiro uye kugona nehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye kukosha kwakakosha kwemugadziri wega wega.Izvo chaizvo nekuti saizi yemabhodhoro haigone kubatana.Kwenguva yakareba, waini yakanga isingabvumirwi kutengeswa mumabhodhoro, izvo zvaizotungamirira kukutengesa kusina kunaka.Kare, pakufuridzira mabhodhoro, taida kushandira pamwe kuviri.Munhu anonyika imwe magumo echubhu refu refu isingaite tembiricha mumugadziro wegirazi rinopisa uye anofuridza mushonga wacho kuita mold.Mubatsiri anodzora mold switch kune rimwe divi.Zvigadzirwa zvehafu-zvakapedzwa zvinobuda muforoma seizvi zvichiri kuda hwaro, kana kuda vanhu vaviri kuti vabatane.Mumwe munhu anoshandisa simbi inodzivirira kupisa simbi kuti abate pasi pezvigadzirwa zvehafu-yakapera, uye mumwe munhu anotenderedza muviri webhodhoro achigadzira pasi pebhodhoro kuburitsa yunifomu uye saizi yakakodzera saizi.Chimiro chebhodhoro chepakutanga chakaderera uye chinowanzoitika, iyo inoguma ye centrifugal simba apo bhodhoro rinoputika uye richitenderera.

Kubva muzana remakore rechi17, chimiro chebhodhoro chakachinja zvikuru mumakore mazana maviri anotevera.Chimiro chebhodhoro chakashanduka kubva pahanyanisi pfupi kusvika pambiru yakanaka.Kupfupisa, chimwe chezvikonzero ndechekuti kugadzirwa kwewaini kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye waini inogona kuchengetwa mumabhodhoro.Panguva yekuchengetedza, zvakaonekwa kuti iyo flat scallions inotora nzvimbo yakakura uye haina kukodzera kuchengetedza, uye chimiro chavo chinoda kuvandudzwa;Chechipiri, vanhu vakaona zvishoma nezvishoma kuti waini yakachengetwa mubhodhoro yaizova nani pane waini ichangobva kubikwa, inova iyo embryonic fomu yemazuva ano "waini yekuibva" dzidziso.Kuchengetera mubhodhoro kwave kuita, saka chimiro chebhodhoro chinofanirwa kushandira kuiswa nyore uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo.

Munguva yekuvhuvhuta kwegirazi bhodhoro, vhoriyamu inonyanya kuenderana nehukuru hwakakosha hwebhodhoro blower.Pamberi pema1970, huwandu hwemabhodhoro ewaini hwakasiyana kubva pa650 ml kusvika 850 ml.Mabhodhoro eBurgundy nechampagne anowanzo hombe, nepo sherry nemamwe mabhodhoro ewaini akasimbiswa anowanzo diki.Yakanga isiri iyo kusvika kuma1970 iyo European Union yakabatanidza huwandu hwemabhodhoro ewaini, iyo yose yakatsiviwa ne 750ml.Kusvika kuma1970s, European Community yakaisa saizi yemabhodhoro ewaini akajairwa se750ml kuitira kusimudzira kumira.Parizvino, 750 ml mabhodhoro akajairwa anowanzo kugamuchirwa munyika.Izvi zvisati zvaitika, mabhodhoro eBurgundy neChampagne aive akati kurei kupfuura eBordeaux, nepo mabhodhoro esherry aigara ari madiki pane eBordeaux.Parizvino, bhodhoro rakajairwa redzimwe nyika i500ml.Semuenzaniso, iyo Hungarian Tokai waini inotapira inozadzwa mumabhodhoro e500ml.Pamusoro pemabhodhoro akajairwa, kune mabhodhoro madiki kana makuru pane akajairwa mabhodhoro.

Kunyangwe mabhodhoro anowanzo shandiswa ari 750ml, pane mimwe misiyano mukutsanangurwa uye saizi yemabhodhoro emamwe masimba pakati peBordeaux neChampagne.

Kunyangwe huwandu hwemabhodhoro ewaini hwakabatana, zvimiro zvemuviri wavo zvakasiyana, kazhinji zvinomiririra tsika yedunhu rega rega.Iwo mabhodhoro maumbirwo ezviverengero zvakajairika anoratidzwa mumufananidzo.Naizvozvo, usafuratira ruzivo rwunopihwa nerudzi rwebhodhoro, iro rinowanzova chiratidzo chekwakabva waini.Semuenzaniso, munyika dzeNyika Itsva, waini yakagadzirwa kubva kuPinot Noir neChardonnay inowanzoiswa mumabhodhoro eBurgundy semabviro;Nenzira imwecheteyo, mazhinji epasi rose eCabernet Sauvignon neMerlot yakaoma waini tsvuku yakazara mumabhodhoro eBordeaux.

Chimiro chebhodhoro dzimwe nguva chinoratidza maitiro: Rioja yakaoma yakaoma inogona kubikwa neTempranillo kana Kohena.Kana paine akawanda Tempranillo mubhodhoro, vagadziri vanowanzo shandisa mabhodhoro maumbirwo akafanana neBordeaux kududzira ayo akasimba uye ane simba maitiro.Kana paine mamwe maGerbera, vanosarudza kushandisa Burgundy mabhodhoro maumbirwo kuratidza hunyoro uye hunyoro maitiro.

Vachiona pano, sevachena vaifarira waini pakutanga, vanofanira kunge vakafenda kasingaverengeki.Nokuti kunhuwa uye kuravira kwewaini kunoda zvimwe zvinodiwa zvekunzwa kunhuwa uye kuravira, izvo zvinoda nguva yakareba yekudzidza uye tarenda kune anotanga.Asi usazvidya mwoyo, hatizotauri nezve "chimiro" chekunhuhwirira kunhuhwirira uye kuziva waini.Nhasi, isu tinopa iyo yekupinda-level waini rookie inofanirwa WANA nekukurumidza zvinhu zvakaoma!Ndiko kuziva waini kubva pachimiro chebhodhoro!Attention: Pamusoro pebasa rekuchengetedza uye mabhodhoro ewaini zvakare ane imwe mhedzisiro pamhando yewaini.Aya anotevera ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa marudzi emabhodhoro ewaini:

1.Bordeaux bhodhoro

Bordeaux bhodhoro mapendekete akatwasuka.Mabhodhoro emavara akasiyana ane marudzi akasiyana ewaini.Mabhodhoro eBordeaux ane mativi akadzikama, mapendekete akafara, uye mavara matatu: rima rakasvibirira, rakasvibirira rakasvibirira, uye risina ruvara: tsvuku yakaoma mumabhodhoro erima rakasvibirira, yakaoma yakaoma mumabhodhoro egirini akajeka, uye chena inotapira mumabhodhoro machena. inowanzoshandiswa nevatengesi vewaini munyika dzeNyika Itsva kubata Bordeaux mazambiringa akavhengana, uye waini dzeItaly dzakaita seChianti dzinoshandiswawo kubata mabhodhoro eBordeaux.

Iyo yakajairika bhodhoro chimiro cheBordeaux bhodhoro, ine mafudzi akafara uye cylindrical muviri, inoita kuti sediment iome kudurura.Mawaini maviri ane kugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye huwandu hwekutengesa munyika, Cabernet Sauvignon neMerlot, ese anoshandisa Bordeaux mabhodhoro.MuItaly, bhodhoro rinoshandiswawo zvakanyanya, senge yemazuva ano Chianti waini.

Sezvo rudzi urwu rwebhodhoro rewaini rakajairika uye riri nyore kubhodhoro, kuchengeta uye kutakura, inodiwa zvakanyanya nemawineries.

2.Burgundy bhodhoro

Burgundy bhodhoro ndiro rinonyanya kufarirwa uye rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya waini bhodhoro kunze kweBordeaux bhodhoro.Burgundy bhodhoro rinonziwo slant shoulder bottle.Mutsara wayo wepafudzi wakatsetseka, muviri webhodhoro wakatenderedza, uye muviri webhodhoro wakakora uye wakasimba.Bhodhoro reBurgundy rinonyanya kushandiswa kubata Pinot Noir, kana waini tsvuku yakafanana nePinot Noir, pamwe newaini chena yeChardonnay.Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti rudzi urwu rwebhodhoro repafudzi rakakurumbira muRhone Valley yeFrance rinewo chimiro chakafanana nebhodhoro reBurgundi, asi muviri webhodhoro unowedzera zvishoma, mutsipa unowedzera kutetepa, uye kazhinji bhodhoro rinonyorwa.Oblique pfudzi uye chimiro chemuviri chakatwasuka zvinoyeuchidza vanhu vevakuru veEuropean gentlemen.Muviri webhodhoro une pfungwa yakasimba yekuyerera, pfudzi rakamanikana, muviri wakatenderera uye wakafara, uye groove pazasi.Mawaini anowanzo kuwanikwa mumabhodhoro eBurgundy Chardonnay nePinot Noir kubva kunyika dzeNyika Itsva.Mamwe mawaini akazara, akadai seBarolo kuItaly, anoshandisawo mabhodhoro eBurgundy.

3.Alsace bhodhoro

Slim uye slender, seFrench blonde ine chimiro chakanaka.Bhodhoro riri muchimiro ichi rine mavara maviri.Muviri wakasvibira unonzi bhodhoro reAlsace, uye muviri webrown iRhine bhodhoro, uye hapana groove pazasi!Waini iri mumhando iyi yebhodhoro rewaini yakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakaoma kusvika kune yakaoma kusvika kune inotapira, iyo inogona kuonekwa chete newaini yewaini.

4.Champagne bhodhoro

Muviri wakafara une mapendekete anotsvedza wakafanana newabhodhoro reBurgundian, asi wakakura, senge burly guard.Pasi pebhodhoro rinowanzova nekuora mwoyo kwakadzika, ndiko kutsungirira kudzvinyirirwa kukuru kunogadzirwa ne carbonization process mubhodhoro re champagne.Iyo yakakosha waini inopenya yakarongedzerwa mubhodhoro iri, nekuti dhizaini iyi inogona kumirisana nekudzvanywa kwewaini inopenya.

Mazhinji mabhodhoro ewaini emazuva ano ane mavara akasviba, nekuti nzvimbo yakasviba inodzivirira pesvedzero yechiedza pamhando yewaini.Asi unoziva here kuti chikonzero nei bhodhoro regirazi raive neruvara pakutanga raingova mhedzisiro isingaite yekuti vanhu vaisakwanisa kuburitsa tsvina mugirazi.Asi kunewo mienzaniso yemabhodhoro akajeka, akadai seakanyanya kupenya pink, kuti ugone kumuona asati avhura bhodhoro.Iye zvino waini isingafaniri kuchengetwa inowanzochengetwa mumabhodhoro asina ruvara, nepo mabhodhoro ane mavara anogona kushandiswa kuchengeta waini yasakara.

Nekuda kwetembiricha yegirazi rakaumbwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, mabhodhoro mumatunhu mazhinji anoratidza mavara akasiyana.Mabhodhoro ebrown anogona kuwanikwa mune mamwe matunhu, akadai seItaly neRhineland kuGermany.Munguva yakapfuura, mavara emabhodhoro eGermany Rhineland neMoselle akanga akasiyana zvikuru.Rhineland yaiwanzoita yebrown uku Moselle yaiita yegirinhi.Asi iye zvino vatengesi vewaini veGermany vakawanda vanoshandisa mabhodhoro egirini kurongedza waini yavo, nokuti girini yakanyanya kunaka?Zvichida zvakadaro!Mumakore achangopfuura, rimwe ruvara rwakakangwa zvakakangwa, ndiko kuti, "dead leaf color".Iri ivara riri pakati peyero negirinhi.Yakatanga kuoneka pakaiswa waini yeBurgundy's Chardonnay chena.NeChardonnay ichitenderera pasirese, madhiri mune mamwe matunhu anoshandisawo ruvara rweshizha rakafa iri kurongedza waini yavo.

Ndinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chinogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise zviri nani nhoroondo yewaini tsvuku nekuvandudzwa kwemabhodhoro ewaini tsvuku